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August von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), born August Mackensen, was a German soldier and field marshal.〔Some historians refer to him as "Anton Mackensen", but this is unusual. See Lamar Cecil, "The Creation of Nobles in Prussia, 1871-1918" in ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 75, No. 3. (February, 1970), pp. 794; Gerard E. Silberstein, "The Serbian Campaign of 1915: Its Diplomatic Background" in ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 73, No. 1. (October 1967), 60.〕 He commanded with success during the First World War and became one of the German Empire's most prominent military leaders. After the Armistice, Mackensen was interned for a year. He retired from the army in 1920 and was made a Prussian state councillor in 1933 by Hermann Göring. During the Nazi era, Mackensen remained a committed monarchist and sometimes appeared at official functions in his First World War uniform. He was suspected of disloyalty to the Third Reich, although nothing was proven against him.
==Early years==
Mackensen was born in Haus Leipnitz, near the village of Dahlenberg (today part of Trossin) in the Prussian Province of Saxony, to Louis and Marie Louise Mackensen. His father, an administrator of agricultural enterprises, sent him to a ''Realgymnasium'' in Halle in 1865, seemingly in the hope that Mackensen would follow him in his profession.〔Theo Schwarzmüller, ''Zwischen Kaiser und "Führer". Generalfeldmarschall August von Mackensen. Eine politische biographie.'' (Munich: Deutsche Taschenbuch Verlag, 1995), 17–29.〕
Mackensen began his military service in 1869 as a volunteer with the Prussian 2nd Life Hussars Regiment (''Leib-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 2''). During the Franco-Prussian War he was promoted to second lieutenant and recommended for the Iron Cross, Second Class. He left the service and studied at Halle University, but returned to the German Army in 1873, with his old regiment. Regarded as among the finest horsemen in the Empire, he was detached from normal duties to serve as a tutor in military history to the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, who would later send his own son to serve in Mackensen's regiment. Close relations between the Emperor and Mackensen would continue for many years.〔Showalter, D. E., ''Tannenberg: Clash of Empires''. Hamden: Archon, 1991, p. 177.〕 In 1891, he joined the General Staff in Berlin, where he was heavily influenced by the new chief, Alfred von Schlieffen. From 17 June 1893 to 27 January 1898, Mackensen commanded the 1st Life Hussars Regiment (''Leib-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 1''), to which he became ''à la suite'' when he left its command, and whose uniform he often wore as a general.〔Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), vol. 3, pp. 97–98.〕 He was ennobled on 27 January 1899, becoming August von Mackensen.〔Schwarzmüller, ''Mackensen'', 65〕 From 1901 to 1903, he commanded the Life Hussar Brigade (''Leib-Husaren-Brigade''), and from 1903 to 1908 commanded the 36th Division in Danzig.〔Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung'', 131, 463.〕 When Schlieffen retired in 1906, Mackensen was regarded by some as a possible successor, but the job went to Helmuth von Moltke the Younger. In 1908, Mackensen was given command of the XVII Army Corps and commanded this corps until shortly after the beginning of the First World War.〔Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung'', 80.〕
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